Interviewing is an essential skill in various aspects of life, from job interviews and journalism to research and podcasting.
Whether you’re a seasoned interviewer looking to refine your technique or a novice embarking on your first interview, this article will provide you with valuable insights and strategies for conducting a successful and meaningful interview.
1. Preparation is Key
The foundation of any successful interview is thorough preparation. Here’s how to get started:
- Know Your Subject: Whether you’re interviewing a job candidate, an expert in a particular field, or someone with a unique perspective, research and understand their background, achievements, and contributions. Familiarize yourself with their work, if applicable.
- Identify Your Objectives: Determine the goals of the interview. Are you seeking information, insights, personal experiences, or opinions? Clearly defining your objectives will guide the conversation.
- Prepare Questions: Develop a list of thoughtful and open-ended questions that align with your objectives. These questions should encourage the interviewee to provide detailed responses.
- Test Your Equipment: If you’re conducting a remote interview using technology, ensure that your equipment, such as microphones and cameras, is in good working order. Test your internet connection to avoid technical glitches.
2. Establish a Rapport
Building a rapport with your interviewee is crucial for a successful interview. Here’s how to do it:
- Begin with Small Talk: Start the conversation with light, non-invasive questions to create a comfortable atmosphere. This helps the interviewee relax and feel more at ease.
- Active Listening: Pay close attention to what the interviewee is saying. Show that you’re engaged and interested by nodding, making eye contact (in-person interviews), or providing verbal cues like “I see” or “Tell me more.”
- Empathize: Show empathy and understanding, especially when discussing personal or sensitive topics. A compassionate approach can lead to more open and honest responses.
3. Ask Open-Ended Questions
To elicit insightful and detailed responses, focus on asking open-ended questions:
- Avoid Yes/No Questions: Instead of asking questions that can be answered with a simple “yes” or “no,” frame your inquiries to encourage discussion and elaboration.
- Use “What,” “Why,” “How,” and “Tell Me About” Questions: These types of questions prompt interviewees to share their experiences, insights, and stories.
4. Adapt to the Flow of the Conversation
A successful interview requires flexibility and adaptability:
- Listen and Follow Up: Based on the interviewee’s responses, ask follow-up questions that dig deeper into the topic or clarify any ambiguities.
- Stay on Track: While it’s important to be flexible, ensure that the conversation aligns with your objectives and stays relevant.
5. Respect Boundaries
During the interview, it’s crucial to respect boundaries and maintain professionalism:
- Sensitive Topics: If you’re discussing sensitive or personal topics, obtain consent from the interviewee and approach the subject with care and sensitivity.
- Confidentiality: If certain information is meant to remain confidential, respect that agreement and avoid disclosing it in your interview or subsequent reporting.
6. Conclude Gracefully
As the interview draws to a close, wrap it up professionally:
- Thank the Interviewee: Express your gratitude for their time and participation.
- Ask If Anything Was Missed: Give the interviewee an opportunity to add anything they believe is important or clarify any points.
7. Review and Improve
After the interview, take time to review and reflect on your performance:
- Evaluate Your Objectives: Did you achieve your goals for the interview? Assess whether the objectives were met and if any adjustments are needed for future interviews.
- Seek Feedback: If possible, ask for feedback from colleagues or peers to gain insights into areas for improvement.
- Continue Learning: The art of interviewing is a skill that can always be honed. Stay curious, read about successful interview techniques, and learn from experienced interviewers.
By following these strategies and continuously refining your interviewing skills, you’ll be well-equipped to conduct successful interviews that yield meaningful insights and engage your interviewees effectively.
